Legal FAQs for Renters in North Dakota
This page has local legal information on residential (not commercial) renters’ issues. It is not legal advice, and you should check with your local legal aid and courts for current information.
This page was last updated on Aug 25th, 2023. It was reviewed by our volunteer attorney experts.
Table Of Contents
Jump to the section that matches your situation
Problem with your Landlord?
Are you having problems with your landlord?
Behind on Rent?
Find local programs that can help you with housing costs, or work out a plan with your landlord.
Received a Warning Notice about Eviction?
Have you received a warning notice from your landlord, like a ‘Notice to Quit’ or a ‘Notice to Leave’? Find what options you have.
Facing an Eviction Lawsuit?
Has your landlord filed an eviction lawsuit in court? Have you received a Summons and Complaint? Learn what rights and options you have.
Emergency Protections during COVID
Do renters have protections against eviction during the Covid-19 emergency?
Problem with your Landlord?
What if I need repairs to my rental home in North Dakota?
Tell your landlord about any repairs needed, particularly if they affect your health and safety.
You should call your landlord to make the repairs as soon as possible.
Emergency repairs could be for problems with:
Running water or hot water
Heat
Stove, oven, or refrigerator
Electricity
Bathroom use
Missing doors, locks, or windows
Pests
If your landlord doesn't make the repairs promptly, send them a written letter or email about the need for emergency repairs (and keep a copy of this communication).
Behind on Rent?
Can a landlord apply for their renter, to get rental assistance?
Most Rental Assistance programs let landlords apply. Either a renter or a landlord can start the application. The landlord will have to fill in as much information they have about the amount of money needed, and the eligibility for the program. The tenant may have to fill in the rest of the information. Check with your local Rental Assistance program about the steps to follow to apply for rent relief.
Am I eligible for rent relief?
Local governments set the rules about who is eligible for rent relief. Most programs focus on people who have suffered COVID-19 hardships. You can talk to your local Rental Assistance program to learn their eligibility rules. You may have to show your household income, or if you are on other benefits programs like SNAP. You may also have to show that you are at risk of homelessness or eviction if you don't get rental assistance. Check with your local Rental Assistance program to see if you are eligible.
Does immigration status matter for rent relief?
Many local Rental Assistance programs are open to everyone, regardless of immigration status. Many programs do not even ask about immigration status.
Check with your local Rental Assistance program to make sure about eligibility rules and immigration.
Who can help me with rent that I owe?
If you are behind on rent, you can get help from your local Rental Assistance program. This is a government service to help people who owe rent or utility bills.
Especially if you are behind on rent because of COVID-19 hardships, your local Rental Assistance (or Rent Relief) program can help you.
Find your local Rental Assistance program at your Get Help page here.
Received a Warning Notice about Eviction?
My landlord gave me a notice to "pay or quit" my rental home in North Dakota. What should I do?
You do not have to leave your home yet. In North Dakota, your landlord must give you an official notice that they may bring you to court to evict you for not paying your rent (or other reasons). The notice should give you time to either pay your rent or prepare defenses against eviction. This official notice must follow some rules to be valid. If it doesn't follow these rules, then you can challenge it and stop an eviction. These are the North Dakota requirements for an eviction notice:
- The notice must be written down.
- It has to have your full name and address.
- It must explain why you may be evicted -- whether it is for non-payment of rent, a lease violation, or other reason.
- Your landlord needs to sign and date the notice and to include their name and contact information.
- The notice has to say exactly how much rent and fees you owe and need to pay to stop the eviction process, as well as the months the rent is overdue for.
- It has to say that this rent must be fully paid within 3 days of receiving this notice or you must move out.
Reach out for legal help if you think the notice isn't correct, or if you need assistance in defending yourself against the eviction. Find local legal help in North Dakota here.
How long do I have after I receive an eviction notice to pay back the rent to stop the eviction in North Dakota?
In North Dakota, you have a minimum of 3 days between your landlord giving you a notice and them filing a lawsuit against you in court to evict you. If you move out before the 3 days are over and your landlord still goes to court, the ruling may be challenged.
The notice should tell you how many days the landlord is giving you. If they are giving you less than 3 days, then you may be able to challenge it as illegal.
Do I have to leave my home by the time of the eviction notice's expiration date in North Dakota?
No, you do not have to leave (or 'quit') your home by the date listed on the eviction notice.
You do not have to leave your home until you have been brought to court, and a judge has ordered that your landlord can make you leave.
After the date on the eviction notice passes, then your landlord may file an eviction lawsuit in court against you. You will be able to go to court and present defenses to protect yourself.
My eviction notice says that I will be evicted unless I pay back-rent I owe in North Dakota. What if I can't afford to pay it?
You still have time to reach out for rental assistance, and stop the eviction from moving forward.
Be sure to let the local group know that you have received an eviction notice and what its deadline is. They may be able to help you pay the rent you owe, or work with your landlord to reduce the amount or put you on a payment plan.
What if the landlord has just told me, face-to-face or over the phone, that I need to leave my home in North Dakota?
A verbal conversation doesn't count as an "eviction notice" in North Dakota. To be legal, the notice must be written down and given to you in the correct way.
Reach out for legal help if your landlord is trying to make you leave without going through the court process. This is illegal and a lawyer may be able to help you protect yourself.
Facing an Eviction Lawsuit?
Can I settle my eviction case without going to court in North Dakota?
You can come to an agreement with your landlord, but you should still go to court to make sure your case is closed. You can work with your landlord to work out an agreement before the date of the court hearing. This might be a payment plan or other agreement on what needs to happen for you to stay in your home. Be sure to get this agreement in writing, so that you can prove it exists and that your landlord follows through on it. Also, you should still go to court for your hearing date, to make sure the court knows about the agreement and closes the lawsuit. If you do not go to court, the lawsuit might still continue and the judge might rule that the landlord can remove you. Go to court yourself to make sure this doesn't happen. You can reach out for legal help to get assistance in negotiating an agreement with your landlord, and making sure this agreement is being followed. Find local legal help in North Dakota here.
Do I have to do anything after I get an eviction Summons and Complaint in North Dakota?
In North Dakota, you are not required to respond to the eviction lawsuit, if you want to avoid the eviction. You will have an eviction hearing automatically scheduled at court. You must appear there if you want to defend yourself against the eviction. But you do not have to submit anything to the court or your landlord before this hearing. A hearing must be scheduled between 3 to 15 days from service of the summons. Check the summons for your court date. Reach out to legal help to learn what your rights and defenses are in your eviction case. These organizations can help you deal with this lawsuit. Find local legal help in North Dakota here.
My landlord has filed an eviction lawsuit against me in court in North Dakota. What should I do?
You should make sure that the landlord properly 'served' you with the lawsuit. If they didn't give it to you in the correct way, you can challenge the eviction lawsuit.
In North Dakota, a landlord must follow certain rules to let you know about the lawsuit:
Only certain people can give you the lawsuit's Summons and Complaint. The landlord can not give you these papers - it has to be a person not involved in the case. This can be the sheriff, a process server, or any person over 18.
One of these people will attempt to deliver the notice to you in person or leave a copy with a member of your household that is of suitable age. They can also try to mail a copy to your last known address.
If you can not be reached or are no longer in the county, they will post the papers somewhere visible outside your home (usually on the door).
You should also reach out to local lawyers who can help you prepare for your court hearing so you can protect yourself against the eviction.
Emergency Protections during COVID
Can my utilities be shut off during the emergency in North Dakota?
It depends on who your North Dakota utility provider is. The North Dakota Public Service Commission has a notice process that gives added protections to people who are disabled or over 65 year olds. Cooperative utility companies each have their own disconnect policies. Check with your local utility providers and government to see if they offer renters any protections. Renters must still pay their utility bills. If you need financial assistance for utility costs, you may be able to get help. Landlords are never allowed to shut off a renter's utilities in an attempt to force the renter out. This is illegal. Reach out to a lawyer for help if this happens to you.
Can my landlord evict me during the emergency in North Dakota?
North Dakota renters can still be evicted during the emergency. But a lawyer might be able to help you find protections or services that can prevent the eviction. Check with your local government to see if they provide any additional local protections. If you receive a notice to quit from your landlord, or an eviction lawsuit, reach out for legal help.
Are eviction cases still proceeding through North Dakota courts?
Eviction cases are still proceeding in North Dakota courts, though they may be held remotely. Check with your local courts for updates.
What do the protections mean for North Dakota renters?
Since there are no state-level protections in North Dakota and national protections have expired, then for renters:
Your landlord can give you a Notice of Intention to Evict.
Your landlord can file an eviction claim in court against you, and you can get a Summons for Eviction.
Hearings on eviction are happening, and the court may hear an eviction case against you.
The court may issue a new order, judgment, or writ of eviction against you.
An existing eviction order may be enforced against you.
Can I break my rental home lease in North Dakota?
You may be able to break your lease if you can come to an agreement with your landlord.
You can talk to your landlord to see if they will agree to let you leave early. If they agree, be sure to get the agreement in writing.
Also, you can review your lease. It may have a part that lets you end the lease early in times of financial difficulty. If your lease has this kind of part, you might be able to break the lease (in some cases penalty-free).
Do I still have to pay rent during the emergency in North Dakota?
Yes, North Dakota renters still need to pay rent during the emergency.
Check with your local city or county government to see if they have support for renters who are struggling to pay rent during the emergency.
If you cannot pay rent, take steps to protect yourself:
Apply for rental assistance: If you need financial assistance for housing costs like rent or utility bills, you may be able to get help. North Dakota's government has established an emergency rental assistance program specifically for people affected by COVID-19, check here to see if you may be eligible.
Communicate with your landlord: Send a written letter or email to your landlord as soon as possible. Explain why you cannot pay the rent because of COVID-19 impact. You can also try to negotiate with your landlord to make a payment plan or get a temporary rent reduction.
Get written records of all communication: Keep copies of any letter or email you send, and any responses from the landlord. Keep receipts for any payments you make. If you make a payment plan or rent agreement, make sure to get it in writing.
Keep proof of COVID-19's impact on you: Collect documents about your COVID-19-related employment problems, health care issues, or other issues that affect your ability to pay rent. This includes letters from your employer, doctor, insurance provider, child care provider, schools, etc.
If you are struggling with paying rent in North Dakota, reach out to local legal and financial help groups to find help.
What do I do if my landlord tries to evict me in North Dakota during COVID-19?
Contact a legal help organization to help defend yourself.
It is illegal for your landlord to evict you without first going to court and getting an eviction order. To remove you from your home, a landlord must take you to court by filing an eviction lawsuit, win the case, and getting an eviction order from the court.
Legal aid groups might be able to provide you with full representation, or other legal organizations can give you information or brief advice.
Are there any special protections for North Dakota renters during COVID-19?
There are no special protections for renters in North Dakota during the emergency. U.S. national protections(https://legalfaq.org/covid/nd#national)against eviction expired on August 26, 2021.
Landlords may try to sue tenants to evict them.
If you are worried about an eviction, reach out as soon as possible to your local legal aid group. The lawyers may be able to help you find protections and services to deal with your eviction.
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